Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 30
But Raoul saw the stroke coming, and leapt lightly aside, so that the axe fell and hurt him not; but it cleft a stone of marble on which it lighted into two parts.
Who acts: Raoul, stroke, axe · What happens: see, come, leapt, fall, not hurt, light · To what, where: stroke, Raoul, axe, marble
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Raoul, stroke, axe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 saw | cc |
| 2 | Raoul | Raoul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 stroke | det |
| 5 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obj |
| 6 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 stroke | acl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 leapt | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 leapt | cc |
| 9 | leapt | leapt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 saw | conj |
| 10 | lightly | lightly | ADV | _ | 11 aside | advmod |
| 11 | aside | aside | ADV | _ | 9 leapt | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fell | punct |
| 13 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 17 fell | mark |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 so | fixed |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 axe | det |
| 16 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fell | nsubj |
| 17 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 leapt | advcl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 hurt | cc |
| 19 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 fell | conj |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 hurt | obj |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 hurt | advmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 cleft | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 cleft | cc |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 cleft | nsubj |
| 25 | cleft | cleft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 saw | conj |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 stone | det |
| 27 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cleft | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 marble | case |
| 29 | marble | marble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stone | nmod |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 which | case |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 lighted | obl |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 lighted | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | lighted | light | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 marble | acl:relcl |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 36 parts | case |
| 35 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 parts | nummod |
| 36 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 lighted | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Raoul | the stroke | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stroke=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | come | gerund | the stroke not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | leapt | infinitive | Raoul not said here | aside property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | fall | past | the axe | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not hurt | past | the axe not said here | Raoul | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Patient | ||||
| 6 | light | participle · passive | axe | marble | into two parts | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/30/