Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 31
Then said Duke Reyner, "What shall we do with this giant, for a sword avails nothing against him?"
Who acts: Duke, we · What happens: say, do, avail · To what, where: nothing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 said | advmod |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 4 | Reyner | Reyner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Duke | flat |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 do | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 do | punct |
| 7 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 do | obj |
| 8 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 do | aux |
| 9 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 do | nsubj |
| 10 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 11 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 13 giant | mark |
| 12 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 giant | nsubj |
| 13 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 do | advcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 avails | punct |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 sword | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 sword | det |
| 17 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 avails | obl |
| 18 | avails | avail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 do | advcl |
| 19 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 18 avails | obj |
| 20 | against | against | ADP | _ | 21 him | case |
| 21 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 nothing | nmod |
| 22 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 18 avails | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 do | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | Duke | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | do in a quote | shall | we | What obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | avail in a quote | present | we not said here | nothing | for a sword; against Duke | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/31/