Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 40
When he came to the valley where the army of the Saracens lay, the guards laid hold of him, but perceiving that he carried a message, straightway let him go.
Who acts: Ganelon, army · What happens: come, lie, lay, perceive, carry, let · To what, where: valley, guards, message, Ganelon
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ganelon, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 valley | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 valley | det |
| 6 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 7 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 lay | advmod |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 army | det |
| 9 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lay | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Saracens | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Saracens | det |
| 12 | Saracens | Saracen | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 army | nmod |
| 13 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 valley | acl:relcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 guards | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 guards | det |
| 16 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 lay | obl |
| 17 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 hold | amod |
| 18 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 guards | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 hold | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 perceiving | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 perceiving | cc |
| 23 | perceiving | perceive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 came | advcl |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 carried | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 carried | nsubj |
| 26 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 perceiving | advcl |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 message | det |
| 28 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 carried | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 straightway | punct |
| 30 | straightway | straightway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 message | conj |
| 31 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 carried | ccomp |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 let | obj |
| 33 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 let | xcomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Ganelon | the valley | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to valley=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | lie | past | the army of the Saracens | the guards and laid hold of Ganelon | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | lay | participle | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | perceive | gerund | Ganelon not said here | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | carry | past | Ganelon | a message and straightway | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | let | infinitive | Ganelon not said here | Ganelon | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | go | infinitive | Ganelon not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | hold | Ganelon | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/40/