Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, sentence 21
Then said King Marsilas to certain of his lords--ten they were in number, and these the most villainous of the whole company--"Take olive-branches in your hands, and go and say to King Charles, 'King Marsilas prays you to have pity upon him.
Who acts: King, ten, King Marsilas · What happens: say, be, take, go, pray, have · To what, where: number, olive branches, hands, Charles, you, pity · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, ten, King Marsilas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 said | advmod |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 4 | Marsilas | Marsilas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 King | flat |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 certain | case |
| 6 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 said | ccomp |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 lords | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 lords | nmod:poss |
| 9 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 certain | obl |
| 10 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 15 number | punct |
| 11 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 number | nsubj |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 number | nsubj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 number | cop |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 number | case |
| 15 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 said | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 villainous | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 villainous | cc |
| 18 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 21 villainous | nsubj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 villainous | det |
| 20 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 21 villainous | advmod |
| 21 | villainous | villainous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 said | parataxis |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 company | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 company | det |
| 24 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 company | amod |
| 25 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 villainous | obl |
| 26 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 28 Take | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 Take | punct |
| 28 | Take | take | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | parataxis |
| 29 | olive | olive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 branches | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 olive | punct |
| 31 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 Take | obj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 hands | case |
| 33 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 hands | nmod:poss |
| 34 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 Take | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 go | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 go | cc |
| 37 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 Take | conj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 say | cc |
| 39 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 Take | conj |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 Charles | case |
| 41 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 42 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 say | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 prays | punct |
| 44 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 47 prays | punct |
| 45 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Marsilas | compound |
| 46 | Marsilas | Marsilas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 prays | nsubj |
| 47 | prays | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 Charles | acl:relcl |
| 48 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 47 prays | obj |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 have | mark |
| 50 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 prays | advcl |
| 51 | pity | pity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 have | obj |
| 52 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 53 him | case |
| 53 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 have | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | King | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is | past | ten | number | chiefs = chief nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | take in a quote | infinitive | olive branches | your hands | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent branch=Value in hand=Location | ||||
| 4 | go in a quote | infinitive | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | say speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | Charles King | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to charles=Recipient | |||||
| 6 | pray in a quote | present | King Marsilas | you | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | have in a quote | to-infinitive | King Marsilas not said here | pity | upon King | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pity=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/27/21/