Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Treason of Ganelon, sentence 61
Then Ganelon spoke the same words as before, and when he had ended them, he gave King Charles's letter into the King's hand.
Who acts: Ganelon, Charles · What happens: speak, end, give, letter · To what, where: same words, chiefs, letter, hand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Treason of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ganelon, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 spoke | advmod |
| 2 | Ganelon | Ganelon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 spoke | nsubj |
| 3 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 words | det |
| 5 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 words | amod |
| 6 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spoke | obj |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 before | case |
| 8 | before | before | ADV | _ | 3 spoke | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 gave | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 gave | cc |
| 11 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 14 ended | mark |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 ended | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 ended | aux |
| 14 | ended | end | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 gave | advcl |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 ended | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 ended | punct |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 gave | nsubj |
| 18 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 spoke | conj |
| 19 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 20 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 letter | nmod:poss |
| 21 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 20 Charles | case |
| 22 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gave | obj |
| 23 | into | into | ADP | _ | 27 hand | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 King | det |
| 25 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 hand | nmod:poss |
| 26 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 25 King | case |
| 27 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gave | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Ganelon | the same words | then | tree rules | |||
| 2 | end | past · perfect | Ganelon | chiefs = chief | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector they=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | give | past | Ganelon | Charles King's letter | the King's hand | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme | |||
| 4 | letter | Charles King | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/28/61/