Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 21
It so chanced that a spy heard them talk in this fashion, and, making all haste, came to the Duke and told him. "
Who acts: many, spy, knights, making · What happens: chance, hear, talk, make, come, tell · To what, where: knights, fashion, haste, Duke · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many, spy, knights, making), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 chanced | nsubj |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 3 chanced | advmod |
| 3 | chanced | chance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 heard | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 spy | det |
| 6 | spy | spy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 chanced | advcl |
| 8 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 heard | obj |
| 9 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 heard | xcomp |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 fashion | case |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 fashion | det |
| 12 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 talk | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 came | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 came | cc |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 making | punct |
| 16 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 came | csubj |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 haste | det |
| 18 | haste | haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 making | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 making | punct |
| 20 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 chanced | conj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 Duke | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Duke | det |
| 23 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 came | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 told | cc |
| 25 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 came | conj |
| 26 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 told | iobj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 chanced | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 chanced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chance | past | many | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | hear | past | a spy | knights = knight | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | talk | infinitive | knights = knight not said here | this fashion | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | make | gerund | all haste | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product | |||||
| 5 | come | past | making | to the Duke | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to duke=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert | past | making not said here | Duke | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/3/21/