Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 22
There come messengers," he said, "from King Charles, threatening terrible things, and the King's own son is with them."
Who acts: Duke, own son · What happens: come, say, threaten, be · To what, where: messengers, terrible things, Charles · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, own son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 come | expl |
| 2 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | messengers | messenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 come | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 come | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 come | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 come | parataxis |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 threatening | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 threatening | punct |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 Charles | case |
| 11 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 12 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 threatening | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 threatening | punct |
| 14 | threatening | threaten | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 said | ccomp |
| 15 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 things | amod |
| 16 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 threatening | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 them | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 them | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 King | det |
| 20 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 son | nmod:poss |
| 21 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 20 King | case |
| 22 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 son | amod |
| 23 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 them | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 them | cop |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 them | case |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 come | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 come | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present | messengers | there | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Duke | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | threaten | gerund | terrible things | Charles King | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thing=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the King's own son | with sons = son | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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