Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 5
Know ye not that he who should have helped you has betrayed you?
Who acts: you, Grievous · What happens: not know, help, betray · To what, where: ye, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Grievous), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Know | know | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 1 Know | obj |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 1 Know | advmod |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 helped | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 helped | nsubj |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 helped | nsubj |
| 7 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 helped | aux |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 helped | aux |
| 9 | helped | help | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 betrayed | advcl |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 betrayed | nsubj |
| 11 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 betrayed | aux |
| 12 | betrayed | betray | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 1 Know | ccomp |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 betrayed | obj |
| 14 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not know | imperative | you not said here | ye | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | help | should · perfect | Grievous | who nsubj | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | betray | present · perfect | you | you | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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