Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 6
Verily, a fool was your Emperor to leave you in these passes, for the honour of fair France has perished to-day, and the great Charles has lost, as it were, the right arm from his body.
Who acts: fool, great Charles, Charles · What happens: be, leave, perish, lose, honour · To what, where: Emperor, you, passes, right arm, body, fair France
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fool, great Charles, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Verily | verily | ADV | _ | 7 Emperor | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Verily | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 fool | det |
| 4 | fool | fool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Emperor | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 Emperor | cop |
| 6 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 Emperor | nmod:poss |
| 7 | Emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 perished | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 leave | mark |
| 9 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 Emperor | acl |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 leave | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 passes | case |
| 12 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 passes | det |
| 13 | passes | pass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 leave | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 honour | punct |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 honour | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 honour | det |
| 17 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 leave | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 France | case |
| 19 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 France | amod |
| 20 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 honour | nmod |
| 21 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 perished | aux |
| 22 | perished | perish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 day | case |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 to | punct |
| 25 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 perished | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 lost | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 lost | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Charles | det |
| 29 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 Charles | amod |
| 30 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 lost | nsubj |
| 31 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 lost | aux |
| 32 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 perished | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 arm | punct |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 arm | mark |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 arm | nsubj |
| 36 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 arm | cop |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 arm | punct |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 arm | det |
| 39 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 arm | amod |
| 40 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lost | obl |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 body | case |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 body | nmod:poss |
| 43 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 arm | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 perished | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | a fool | your Emperor | your nmod:poss; verily property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | leave | to-infinitive | you | this passes | for the honour of fair France | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent you=Theme in pass=Location | |||
| 3 | perish | present · perfect · passive | your Emperor | day | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | lose | present · perfect | the great Charles | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is a | past | Charles | the right arm | France's body | tree rules | |||
| 6 | honour | fair France | nom honour «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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