Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 64
He was wounded with four several lances, and four times did he swoon, so that at the last he was constrained to leave the field of battle, that he might call the Count Roland to his aid.
Who acts: King · What happens: wound, swoon, constrain, leave, call · To what, where: King, last, field, aid · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 wounded | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 wounded | aux:pass |
| 3 | wounded | wound | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 lances | case |
| 5 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 lances | nummod |
| 6 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 lances | amod |
| 7 | lances | lance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wounded | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 swoon | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 swoon | cc |
| 10 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 times | nummod |
| 11 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 swoon | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 swoon | aux |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 swoon | nsubj |
| 14 | swoon | swoon | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 wounded | parataxis |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 constrained | punct |
| 16 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 23 constrained | mark |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 constrained | mark |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 last | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 last | det |
| 20 | last | last | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 constrained | obl |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 constrained | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 constrained | aux:pass |
| 23 | constrained | constrain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 swoon | conj |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 leave | mark |
| 25 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 constrained | xcomp |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 field | det |
| 27 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 leave | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 battle | case |
| 29 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 field | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 call | punct |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 call | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 call | nsubj |
| 33 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 call | aux |
| 34 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 leave | parataxis |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Roland | det |
| 36 | Count | Count | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 Roland | compound |
| 37 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 call | xcomp |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 aid | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 aid | nmod:poss |
| 40 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 call | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wound | past · passive | King | with four several lances | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | swoon | past · do-support | King | time | vn change_bodily_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | constrain | past · passive | King | the last | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Goal | ||||
| 4 | leave | to-infinitive | the field of battle | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme | |||||
| 5 | call | might | King | King's aid | the Count Roland xcomp | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to aid=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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