Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 65
But small was the aid which Roland could give him or any one.
Who acts: Roland · What happens: be, give · To what, where: small aid, King
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 aid | cc |
| 2 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 aid | amod |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 aid | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 aid | det |
| 5 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 give | obj |
| 7 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 give | nsubj |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 give | aux |
| 9 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 aid | acl:relcl |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 give | iobj |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 one | cc |
| 12 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 one | det |
| 13 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 give | conj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 aid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the small aid | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | give | could | Roland | the small aid | King | any one conj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient which=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/31/65/