Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 66
Valiantly he held up the battle, and with him Oliver, and Turpin the Archbishop, and others also; but the lines of the men of France were broken, and their armour thrust through, and their spears shivered, and their flags trodden in the dust.
Who acts: King, armour thrust, lines · What happens: hold up, break, shiver, tread, thrust · To what, where: battle, lines, flags, dust
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, armour thrust, lines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Valiantly | valiantly | ADV | _ | 3 held | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 held | nsubj |
| 3 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 held | compound:prt |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 battle | det |
| 6 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 held | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Oliver | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 Oliver | cc |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 Oliver | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 Oliver | nsubj |
| 11 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 held | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Turpin | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 Turpin | cc |
| 14 | Turpin | Turpin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Oliver | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Archbishop | det |
| 16 | Archbishop | Archbishop | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Turpin | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 others | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 others | cc |
| 19 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 Oliver | nmod |
| 20 | also | also | ADV | _ | 19 others | advmod |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 broken | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 broken | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 lines | det |
| 24 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 men | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 men | det |
| 27 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 lines | nmod |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 France | case |
| 29 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 men | nmod |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 broken | aux:pass |
| 31 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 others | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 shivered | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 shivered | cc |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 thrust | nmod:poss |
| 35 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 thrust | compound |
| 36 | thrust | thrust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 shivered | nsubj |
| 37 | through | through | ADV | _ | 36 thrust | advmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 spears | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 spears | cc |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 spears | nmod:poss |
| 41 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 thrust | conj |
| 42 | shivered | shiver | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 broken | conj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 flags | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 flags | cc |
| 45 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 flags | nmod:poss |
| 46 | flags | flag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 shivered | obl |
| 47 | trodden | tread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 flags | acl |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 dust | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 dust | det |
| 50 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 trodden | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold up | past | King | the battle | with Oliver King others and Turpin; valiantly property | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent battle=Theme with oliver=Instrument | |||
| 2 | break | past · passive | the lines of the men of France | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | shiver | participle | lines's armour thrust and lines's spears | lines's flags | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | tread | participle | lines's flags not said here | the dust | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dust=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | thrust | lines = line | nom thrust «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/31/66/