Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 1

Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

Who acts: you, Roland, people, many brave men · What happens: count, see, suffer, lie · To what, where: comrade, Oliver, ground · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Roland, people, many brave men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Count	count	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	Roland	Roland	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 saw	nsubj
3	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Count	ccomp
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 suffered	advmod
5	grievously	grievously	ADV	_	9 suffered	advmod
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 people	nmod:poss
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 suffered	nsubj
8	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 suffered	aux
9	suffered	suffer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 saw	ccomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 spake	cc
11	spake	speak	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 suffered	conj
12	thus	thus	ADV	_	9 suffered	advmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 Oliver	case
14	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 suffered	obl
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 comrade	nmod:poss
16	comrade	comrade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 suffered	obj
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 comrade	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 comrade	punct
19	Dear	dear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 comrade	amod
20	comrade	comrade	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 comrade	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 see	punct
22	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	23 see	nsubj
23	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Count	parataxis
24	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	25 many	advmod
25	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 men	amod
26	brave	brave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 men	amod
27	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 lie	nsubj
28	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 see	parataxis
29	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 lie	xcomp
30	upon	upon	ADP	_	32 ground	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 ground	det
32	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 lie	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Count	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	count	imperative	you not said here					vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute
2	see	past	Roland					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	suffer	past · perfect	Roland's people	Roland's comrade and Dear comrade	Oliver		spake conj; grievously, thus property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer comrade=Stimulus
4	see in a quote	present	you					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	lie in a quote	present	many brave men			the ground	dead property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon ground=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 1

The tree

Pragmatics

Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 1