Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 2
Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.
Who acts: we, France · What happens: mourn, widow, be
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, France), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Well | well | INTJ | _ | 4 mourn | discourse |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 mourn | aux |
| 3 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 mourn | nsubj |
| 4 | mourn | mourn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 France | case |
| 6 | Fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 France | amod |
| 7 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 mourn | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 widowed | punct |
| 9 | widowed | widow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 mourn | advcl |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 champions | case |
| 11 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 champions | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 champions | cop |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 champions | case |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 many | advmod |
| 15 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 champions | amod |
| 16 | valiant | valiant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 champions | amod |
| 17 | champions | champion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 widowed | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 mourn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mourn | may | we | for Fair France | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for france=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | widow | participle | we not said here | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | present | France | as many valiant champions | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/32/2/