Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 31
King Charles and his men heard it, and the King said, "Our countrymen are fighting with the enemy."
Who acts: Charles, King, countrymen · What happens: hear, say, fight · To what, where: horn · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, King, countrymen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 2 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 men | cc |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 men | nmod:poss |
| 5 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 Charles | conj |
| 6 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 heard | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 King | det |
| 11 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 heard | parataxis |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 fighting | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 fighting | punct |
| 15 | Our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 countrymen | nmod:poss |
| 16 | countrymen | countryman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 fighting | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 fighting | aux |
| 18 | fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 said | ccomp |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 enemy | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 enemy | det |
| 21 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 fighting | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 fighting | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 fighting | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Charles King and Charles's men | horn | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the King | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | fight in a quote | present · progressive | Our countrymen | with the enemy | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with enemy=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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