Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 27
We have but a short time to live," cried Roland, when he saw the new host advancing to the battle. "
Who acts: We, Roland, new host · What happens: have, live, cry, see, advance · To what, where: Roland, new host, battle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, Roland, new host), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 time | cc |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 time | det |
| 5 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 time | amod |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 have | conj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 live | mark |
| 8 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 time | acl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 cried | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 cried | punct |
| 11 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | parataxis |
| 12 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 cried | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 saw | punct |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 saw | advmod |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 saw | nsubj |
| 16 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 cried | conj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 host | det |
| 18 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 host | amod |
| 19 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 saw | obj |
| 20 | advancing | advance | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 host | acl |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 battle | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 battle | det |
| 23 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 advancing | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | We | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | live | to-infinitive | We not said here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cry speech: express in a quote | past | Roland | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roland=Topic | |||||
| 4 | see in a quote | past | Roland | the new host | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer host=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | advance in a quote | gerund | the new host not said here | the battle | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to battle=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/27/