Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 35
But the heathen, when they saw how few they were, took fresh courage.
Who acts: laggards, heathen · What happens: see, be · To what, where: few
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (laggards, heathen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 took | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 heathen | det |
| 3 | heathen | heathen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 took | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 saw | punct |
| 5 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 saw | advmod |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 heathen | acl:relcl |
| 8 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 few | advmod |
| 9 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 saw | obj |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 few | nsubj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 took | cop |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 took | punct |
| 13 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 courage | amod |
| 15 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 took | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | laggards = laggard | few laggards | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer few=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the heathen | fresh courage obj; take property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/35/