Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Death of Roland, sentence 2
In one hand he took his horn, and in the other his good sword Durendal, and made his way the distance of a furlong or so till he came to a plain, and in the midst of the plain a little hill.
Who acts: Roland · What happens: take, make, come · To what, where: horn, one hand, way, plain
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 hand | case |
| 2 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 hand | nummod |
| 3 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 took | nsubj |
| 5 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 horn | nmod:poss |
| 7 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 sword | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 sword | cc |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 sword | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 sword | det |
| 12 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 sword | amod |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 sword | nmod:poss |
| 14 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 sword | amod |
| 15 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obj |
| 16 | Durendal | Durendal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 sword | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 made | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 made | cc |
| 19 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | conj |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 way | nmod:poss |
| 21 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 made | obj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 distance | det |
| 23 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 made | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 furlong | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 furlong | det |
| 26 | furlong | furlong | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 distance | nmod |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 made | cc |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 came | advmod |
| 29 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 31 came | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 came | nsubj |
| 31 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 made | advcl |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 plain | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 plain | det |
| 34 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 came | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 hill | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 hill | cc |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 midst | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 midst | det |
| 39 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 hill | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 plain | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 plain | det |
| 42 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 midst | nmod |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 hill | det |
| 44 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 hill | amod |
| 45 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Roland | Roland's horn | one hand | a little hill in the midst of the plain obl; Roland's other good sword obj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horn=Theme sword=Destination | ||
| 2 | make | past | Roland not said here | Roland's way | the distance of a furlong obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset way=Beneficiary distance=Product | |||
| 3 | come | past | Roland | a plain | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to plain=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/35/2/