Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Death of Roland, sentence 3
On the top of the hill in the shade of two fair trees were four marble steps.
What happens: be, shade · To what, where: four marble steps, top, two fair trees
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 top | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 top | det |
| 3 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 steps | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 hill | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hill | det |
| 6 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 top | nmod |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 shade | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 shade | det |
| 9 | shade | shade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hill | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 trees | case |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 trees | nummod |
| 12 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 trees | amod |
| 13 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 shade | nmod |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 steps | cop |
| 15 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 steps | nummod |
| 16 | marble | marble | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 steps | amod |
| 17 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 steps | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | four marble steps | the top of the hill in the shade of two fair trees | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | shade | two fair trees | nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/35/3/