Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 39
And the second dream that he dreamed was this: He thought he was at his palace at Aachen, and that he sat upon steps, holding a bear that was bound with a double chain.
Who acts: King, second dream · What happens: dream, be, think, sit, hold, bind · To what, where: second dream, this, palace, bear · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, second dream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 this | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 dream | det |
| 3 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 dream | amod |
| 4 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 this | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 dreamed | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 dreamed | nsubj |
| 7 | dreamed | dream | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dream | acl:relcl |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 this | cop |
| 9 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 thought | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 this | punct |
| 11 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 thought | nsubj |
| 12 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 palace | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 palace | cop |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 palace | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 palace | nmod:poss |
| 17 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 thought | ccomp |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 Aachen | case |
| 19 | Aachen | Aachen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 palace | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sat | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 sat | cc |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 sat | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 sat | nsubj |
| 24 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 thought | conj |
| 25 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 26 steps | case |
| 26 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 sat | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 holding | punct |
| 28 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 sat | advcl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 bear | det |
| 30 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 holding | obj |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 bound | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 bound | aux:pass |
| 33 | bound | bind | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 bear | acl:relcl |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 chain | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 chain | det |
| 36 | double | double | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 chain | amod |
| 37 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 bound | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dream | past | King | the second dream not said here | vn cognize-85 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dream=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the second dream | this | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | past | King | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | King | King's palace | at Aachen | tree rules | |||
| 5 | sit | past | King | upon steps | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon step=Location | ||||
| 6 | hold | gerund | King not said here | a bear | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Theme | ||||
| 7 | bind | past · passive | a bear | with a double chain | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient with chain=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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