Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 7
Then spake up the Duke Naymes, "Sire," said he, "see you that cloud of dust, two leagues away? '
Who acts: Duke Naymes · What happens: speak up, say, see, cloud · To what, where: you, dust · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 spake | advmod |
| 2 | spake | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 said | ccomp |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 spake | compound:prt |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Naymes | det |
| 5 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Naymes | compound |
| 6 | Naymes | Naymes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 said | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Sire | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Sire | punct |
| 9 | Sire | sire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Naymes | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Sire | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Sire | punct |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 said | nsubj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 see | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 see | punct |
| 16 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 said | ccomp |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 see | obj |
| 18 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 cloud | det |
| 19 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 see | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 dust | case |
| 21 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cloud | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 leagues | punct |
| 23 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 leagues | nummod |
| 24 | leagues | league | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cloud | conj |
| 25 | away | away | ADV | _ | 24 leagues | advmod |
| 26 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 16 see | punct |
| 27 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak up speech: other | infinitive | then | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | the Duke Naymes | Naymes nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | see in a quote | infinitive | you | that cloud of dust and two leagues obj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cloud in a quote | dust | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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