Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Punishment of Ganelon, sentence 17
Thereupon I bade defiance to Roland and to Oliver and to all his company, as the King and all here present will bear witness.
Who acts: I, King · What happens: bade, bear · To what, where: defiance, Roland, witness
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Punishment of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thereupon | thereupon | ADV | _ | 3 bade | advmod |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 bade | nsubj |
| 3 | bade | bade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | defiance | defiance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bade | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Roland | case |
| 6 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 bade | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Oliver | cc |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 Oliver | case |
| 9 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Roland | conj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 company | cc |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 company | case |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 company | det:predet |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 company | nmod:poss |
| 14 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Roland | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 King | punct |
| 16 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 King | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 King | det |
| 18 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 bear | nsubj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 present | cc |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 present | det |
| 21 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 all | amod |
| 22 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 King | conj |
| 23 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 bear | aux |
| 24 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 bade | parataxis |
| 25 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 bear | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 bade | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bade | past | I | defiance | Roland and Oliver and Roland's company | thereupon property | tree rules | ||
| 2 | bear | future | the King and all present | witness | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent witness=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/37/17/