Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand, sentence 81
Then your son full courteously required his own again, and Huon for answer drew his sword and slew your son, which when he had done he rode away so fast that we could not overtake him; and now I challenge him to say that he knew not the knight that demanded the hawk to be your son."
Who acts: answer, we, I, knight · What happens: require, draw, slay, do, ride away, not overtake · To what, where: son, sword, answer, knight, hawk · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (answer, we, I, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 required | advmod |
| 2 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 son | nmod:poss |
| 3 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 required | obl |
| 4 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 son | amod |
| 5 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 6 required | advmod |
| 6 | required | require | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 own | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 required | obj |
| 9 | again | again | ADV | _ | 6 required | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Huon | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Huon | cc |
| 12 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 required | obl |
| 13 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 15 drew | mark |
| 14 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drew | nsubj |
| 15 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 required | advcl |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 sword | nmod:poss |
| 17 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drew | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 slew | cc |
| 19 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 drew | conj |
| 20 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 son | nmod:poss |
| 21 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 slew | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 done | punct |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 done | obj |
| 24 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 done | advmod |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 done | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 done | aux |
| 27 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 son | acl:relcl |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 rode | nsubj |
| 29 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 done | ccomp |
| 30 | away | away | ADV | _ | 29 rode | advmod |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 fast | advmod |
| 32 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 rode | advmod |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 overtake | mark |
| 34 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 overtake | nsubj |
| 35 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 overtake | aux |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 overtake | advmod |
| 37 | overtake | overtake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 fast | advcl |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 overtake | obj |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 challenge | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 challenge | cc |
| 41 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 43 challenge | advmod |
| 42 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 challenge | nsubj |
| 43 | challenge | challenge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 required | parataxis |
| 44 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 challenge | obj |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 say | mark |
| 46 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 challenge | advcl |
| 47 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 49 knew | mark |
| 48 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 knew | nsubj |
| 49 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 say | ccomp |
| 50 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 49 knew | advmod |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 knight | det |
| 52 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 knew | obj |
| 53 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 54 demanded | nsubj |
| 54 | demanded | demand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 knight | acl:relcl |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 hawk | det |
| 56 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 demanded | obj |
| 57 | to | to | PART | _ | 60 son | mark |
| 58 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 60 son | cop |
| 59 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 60 son | nmod:poss |
| 60 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 demanded | advcl |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 required | punct |
| 62 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 required | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | require | past | your son | then; again | Huon obl; courteously property | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme own=Precondition | |||
| 2 | draw | past | answer | Sir's sword | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | ||||
| 3 | slay | past | answer not said here | your son | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 4 | do | past · perfect | answer | your son | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | ride away | past | answer | away, fast property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | not overtake | could | we | answer | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | challenge | present | I | answer | now | tree rules | |||
| 8 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | I not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 9 | not know | past | answer | the knight | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer knight=Stimulus | ||||
| 10 | demand speech: request | past | the knight | the hawk | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hawk=Precondition | ||||
| 11 | is a | to-infinitive | the knight not said here | your son | your nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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