Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand, sentence 97
But Huon answered, "Be silent, false traitor," and he made as if he would strike him on the helmet; but when Amaury raised his sword to guard the blow, then Huon turned suddenly his stroke, and smote the man under his guard so that he lopped off his left arm.
Who acts: Huon, horse, Amaury · What happens: answer, be, make, strike, raise, guard · To what, where: brother, sword, blow, stroke, man, guard · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, horse, Amaury), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 answered | cc |
| 2 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 answered | nsubj |
| 3 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 silent | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 silent | punct |
| 6 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 silent | cop |
| 7 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 answered | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 traitor | punct |
| 9 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 traitor | amod |
| 10 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 silent | parataxis |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 traitor | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 silent | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 made | cc |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 made | nsubj |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 answered | conj |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 strike | mark |
| 17 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 20 strike | mark |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 strike | nsubj |
| 19 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 strike | aux |
| 20 | strike | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 made | advcl |
| 21 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 strike | obj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 helmet | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 helmet | det |
| 24 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 strike | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 turned | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 39 turned | cc |
| 27 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 raised | advmod |
| 28 | Amaury | Amaury | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 raised | nsubj |
| 29 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 turned | advcl |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 sword | nmod:poss |
| 31 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 raised | obj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 guard | mark |
| 33 | guard | guard | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 raised | advcl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 blow | det |
| 35 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 guard | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 raised | punct |
| 37 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 Huon | advmod |
| 38 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 turned | nsubj |
| 39 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 answered | parataxis |
| 40 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 39 turned | advmod |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 stroke | nmod:poss |
| 42 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 turned | obj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 smote | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 smote | cc |
| 45 | smote | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 turned | conj |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 man | det |
| 47 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 smote | obj |
| 48 | under | under | ADP | _ | 50 guard | case |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 guard | nmod:poss |
| 50 | guard | guard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 man | nmod |
| 51 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 54 lopped | mark |
| 52 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 51 so | fixed |
| 53 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 lopped | nsubj |
| 54 | lopped | lop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 smote | advcl |
| 55 | off | off | ADP | _ | 54 lopped | compound:prt |
| 56 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 arm | nmod:poss |
| 57 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 arm | amod |
| 58 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 lopped | obj |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: assert | past | Huon | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | infinitive | false traitor parataxis; silent property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | make | past | horse | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | strike | would | horse | brother | on the helmet | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument on helmet=Patient | |||
| 5 | raise | past | Amaury | horse's sword | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | ||||
| 6 | guard | to-infinitive | Amaury not said here | the blow | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Beneficiary | ||||
| 7 | turn | past | Huon | horse's stroke | suddenly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stroke=Theme | |||
| 8 | smite | past | Huon not said here | the man | horse's guard | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus man=Experiencer | |||
| 9 | lop off | past | horse | horse's left arm | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme | ||||
| 10 | stroke | horse | nom stroke «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/38/97/