Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 8
To the Duke Aymon she said, "My lord, you have done ill to leave the King without license given, for he is your natural lord, and you have received much good at his hands.
Who acts: Ardennes, lord, Duke Aymon · What happens: say, do, leave, give, be, receive · To what, where: Duke Aymon, King, license, natural lord · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ardennes, lord, Duke Aymon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | ADP | _ | 4 Aymon | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Aymon | det |
| 3 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Aymon | compound |
| 4 | Aymon | Aymon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 said | obl |
| 5 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 done | punct |
| 9 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 lord | nmod:poss |
| 10 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 done | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 lord | punct |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 done | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 done | aux |
| 14 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 said | conj |
| 15 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 done | xcomp |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 leave | mark |
| 17 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 done | advcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 King | det |
| 19 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 leave | obj |
| 20 | without | without | ADP | _ | 21 license | case |
| 21 | license | license | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 leave | obl |
| 22 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 license | acl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 lord | punct |
| 24 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 29 lord | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 lord | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 lord | cop |
| 27 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 lord | nmod:poss |
| 28 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 lord | amod |
| 29 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 given | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 received | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 received | cc |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 received | nsubj |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 received | aux |
| 34 | received | receive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 said | parataxis |
| 35 | much | much | ADV | _ | 36 good | advmod |
| 36 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 received | xcomp |
| 37 | at | at | ADP | _ | 39 hands | case |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 hands | nmod:poss |
| 39 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 good | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Ardennes | the Duke Aymon | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to aymon=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | do in a quote | present · perfect | My lord | you nsubj; ill property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | leave in a quote | to-infinitive | My lord not said here | the King | without license | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Theme | |||
| 4 | give in a quote | participle | license not said here | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | lord | your natural lord | your nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 6 | receive in a quote | present · perfect | the Duke Aymon = aymon | good property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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