Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, sentence 71
But Geoffrey and the Frenchmen shut to the gates, and drew up the drawbridge, thinking to defend themselves in the castle, for they knew that the Duke would not be content till he had recovered it.
Who acts: Geoffrey, Frenchmen, Duke · What happens: shut, draw up, think, defend, know, not be · To what, where: drawbridge, Frenchmen, castle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geoffrey, Frenchmen, Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 shut | cc |
| 2 | Geoffrey | Geoffrey | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 shut | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 Frenchmen | cc |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Frenchmen | det |
| 5 | Frenchmen | Frenchman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 Geoffrey | conj |
| 6 | shut | shut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 gates | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 gates | det |
| 9 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 shut | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 drew | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 drew | cc |
| 12 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 shut | conj |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 drew | compound:prt |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 drawbridge | det |
| 15 | drawbridge | drawbridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 drew | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 thinking | punct |
| 17 | thinking | think | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 drew | advcl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 defend | mark |
| 19 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 thinking | xcomp |
| 20 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 defend | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 castle | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 castle | det |
| 23 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 defend | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 knew | punct |
| 25 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 27 knew | mark |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 knew | nsubj |
| 27 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 defend | conj |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 content | mark |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Duke | det |
| 30 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 content | nsubj |
| 31 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 content | aux |
| 32 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 content | advmod |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 content | cop |
| 34 | content | content | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 knew | ccomp |
| 35 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 38 recovered | mark |
| 36 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 recovered | nsubj |
| 37 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 recovered | aux |
| 38 | recovered | recover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 34 content | advcl |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 recovered | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 shut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shut | past | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen | to the gates | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | draw up | past | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen not said here | the drawbridge | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | gerund | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | defend | to-infinitive | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen not said here | Frenchmen = frenchman | the castle | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary | |||
| 5 | know | past | Frenchmen = frenchman | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | not is | would | the Duke | content property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | recover | past · perfect | Duke | drawbridge | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/40/71/