Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 106
And he held up the ring, saying, "I passed the gates by virtue of this ring."
Who acts: Huon · What happens: hold up, say, pass · To what, where: ring, gates · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 held | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 held | nsubj |
| 3 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 held | compound:prt |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ring | det |
| 6 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 held | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 saying | punct |
| 8 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 held | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 passed | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 passed | punct |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 passed | nsubj |
| 12 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saying | ccomp |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 gates | det |
| 14 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 passed | obj |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 virtue | case |
| 16 | virtue | virtue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 passed | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 ring | case |
| 18 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 ring | det |
| 19 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 virtue | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 held | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold up | past | Huon | the ring | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ring=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Huon not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | pass in a quote | past | Huon | the gates | by virtue of this ring | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent gate=Theme by virtue=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/41/106/