Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 40
Then the Frenchmen began to complain right bitterly concerning Gerames, saying that he was the worst and cruellest traitor on earth. "
Who acts: Frenchmen, Huon · What happens: begin, complain, say, be · To what, where: concerning Gerames, worst cruellest traitor, earth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frenchmen, Huon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 began | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Frenchmen | det |
| 3 | Frenchmen | Frenchman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 complain | mark |
| 6 | complain | complain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | xcomp |
| 7 | right | right | ADV | _ | 10 Gerames | advmod |
| 8 | bitterly | bitterly | ADV | _ | 10 Gerames | advmod |
| 9 | concerning | concerning | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 Gerames | amod |
| 10 | Gerames | gerame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 complain | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 saying | punct |
| 12 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 began | advcl |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 worst | mark |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 worst | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 worst | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 worst | det |
| 17 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 20 traitor | amod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 cruellest | cc |
| 19 | cruellest | cruell | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 20 traitor | amod |
| 20 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 saying | obj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 earth | case |
| 22 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 traitor | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the Frenchmen | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | complain speech: other | to-infinitive | the Frenchmen not said here | concerning Gerames | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | the Frenchmen not said here | worst cruellest traitor | earth | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent traitor=Topic | |||
| 4 | is | past | Huon | bad property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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