Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 85
The Admiral, when he heard this, said, "Of a truth it is hard to be aware of the craft and subtlety of these Frenchmen."
Who acts: Admiral · What happens: hear, say, be, craft · To what, where: this, Frenchmen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Admiral), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Admiral | det |
| 2 | Admiral | admiral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Admiral | punct |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 heard | advmod |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 heard | nsubj |
| 6 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | advcl |
| 7 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 heard | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 heard | punct |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 hard | punct |
| 12 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 14 truth | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 truth | det |
| 14 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hard | obl |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 hard | expl |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 hard | cop |
| 17 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 said | ccomp |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 aware | mark |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 aware | cop |
| 20 | aware | aware | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 hard | ccomp |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 craft | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 craft | det |
| 23 | craft | craft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 aware | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 subtlety | cc |
| 25 | subtlety | subtlety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 craft | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 Frenchmen | case |
| 27 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 28 Frenchmen | det |
| 28 | Frenchmen | Frenchman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 craft | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 hard | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 hard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Admiral | this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Admiral | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | of a truth; hard property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | to-infinitive | of the craft of this Frenchmen and subtlety; aware property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | craft in a quote | this Frenchmen | nom craft «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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