Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How It Fared With the Brethren, sentence 84
When Reynaud saw that the enemy was within the castle, he and his brethren took their places in the tower, and, when the tower was set on fire, they took their stand in a certain pit and defended it right valiantly against all the King's men.
Who acts: Reynaud, enemy, horses · What happens: see, be, take, set, defend · To what, where: places, tower, fire, stand, certain pit, brethren · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reynaud, enemy, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 took | advcl |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 castle | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 enemy | det |
| 6 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 castle | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 castle | cop |
| 8 | within | within | ADP | _ | 10 castle | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 castle | det |
| 10 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | ccomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 took | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 brethren | cc |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 brethren | nmod:poss |
| 15 | brethren | brethren | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 he | conj |
| 16 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 places | nmod:poss |
| 18 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 took | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 tower | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 tower | det |
| 21 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 took | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 set | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 set | cc |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 set | punct |
| 25 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 set | advmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tower | det |
| 27 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 set | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 set | aux:pass |
| 29 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 took | conj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 fire | case |
| 31 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 set | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 took | punct |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 took | nsubj |
| 34 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 took | conj |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 stand | nmod:poss |
| 36 | stand | stand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 took | obj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 pit | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 pit | det |
| 39 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 pit | amod |
| 40 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 took | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 defended | cc |
| 42 | defended | defend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 took | conj |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 defended | obj |
| 44 | right | right | ADV | _ | 45 valiantly | advmod |
| 45 | valiantly | valiantly | ADV | _ | 42 defended | advmod |
| 46 | against | against | ADP | _ | 51 men | case |
| 47 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 51 men | det:predet |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 King | det |
| 49 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 men | nmod:poss |
| 50 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 49 King | case |
| 51 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 defended | obl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Reynaud | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | the enemy | within the castle | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take | past | Reynaud | horses's places | the tower | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Value in tower=Location | |||
| 4 | set | past · passive | the tower | fire | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme on fire=Destination | ||||
| 5 | take | past | horses = horse | horses's stand | a certain pit | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent stand=Value in pit=Location | |||
| 6 | defend | past | horses = horse not said here | brethren | against the King's men; valiantly property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary against man=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/84/