Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How It Fared With the Brethren, sentence 85
After awhile, the other knights that were in the castle taking heart and coming to help them, they drove out the enemy from the castle, and shut the gates and raised the drawbridge.
Who acts: other knights, castle, knights · What happens: be, take, come, help, drive out, shut · To what, where: castle, heart, knights, enemy, gates, drawbridge
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other knights, castle, knights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 awhile | case |
| 2 | awhile | awhile | ADV | _ | 30 shut | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 awhile | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 knights | det |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 knights | amod |
| 6 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 shut | nsubj |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 castle | nsubj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 castle | cop |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 castle | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 castle | det |
| 11 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 knights | acl:relcl |
| 12 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 castle | acl |
| 13 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 taking | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 coming | cc |
| 15 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 taking | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 help | mark |
| 17 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 coming | advcl |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 help | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 drove | punct |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 drove | nsubj |
| 21 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 castle | conj |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 drove | compound:prt |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 enemy | det |
| 24 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 drove | obj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 castle | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 castle | det |
| 27 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 drove | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 shut | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 shut | cc |
| 30 | shut | shut | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 gates | det |
| 32 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 shut | obj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 raised | cc |
| 34 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 shut | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 drawbridge | det |
| 36 | drawbridge | drawbridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 raised | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 shut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the other knights | the castle | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | gerund | the castle not said here | heart | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme | ||||
| 3 | come | gerund | the castle not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | help | to-infinitive | the castle not said here | knights = knight | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary | ||||
| 5 | drive out | past | knights = knight | the enemy | the castle | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme from castle=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | shut | infinitive | the other knights | the gates | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gate=Patient | ||||
| 7 | raise | past | the other knights not said here | the drawbridge | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/85/