Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Treachery of King John, sentence 110
See you these men?" he said to the Frenchmen, "we cannot stand against them; let us retreat."
Who acts: you, Ogier, we, us · What happens: see, say, not stand, let, retreat · To what, where: you, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Treachery of King John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Ogier, we, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | See | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 1 See | obj |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 men | det |
| 4 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 See | obj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 See | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 See | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 said | nsubj |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 See | advcl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 Frenchmen | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Frenchmen | det |
| 11 | Frenchmen | Frenchman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 said | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 stand | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 stand | punct |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 stand | nsubj |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 stand | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 stand | advmod |
| 17 | stand | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 said | ccomp |
| 18 | against | against | ADP | _ | 19 them | case |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 stand | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 let | punct |
| 21 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 See | conj |
| 22 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 let | obj |
| 23 | retreat | retreat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 let | xcomp |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 See | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 See | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | imperative | you not said here | you | this men obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Ogier | the Frenchmen nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | not stand | can | we | against Frenchmen = frenchman | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against they=Location | ||||
| 4 | let | infinitive | you not said here | us | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | retreat | infinitive | us not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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