Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Craft of Mawgis, sentence 41
When the two armies were now near, Oliver said to Roland, "these men are too many for us." "
Who acts: two armies, Oliver, men · What happens: be, say · To what, where: Roland · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Craft of Mawgis. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two armies, Oliver, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 near | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 armies | det |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 armies | nummod |
| 4 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 near | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 near | cop |
| 6 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 near | advmod |
| 7 | near | near | ADV | _ | 10 said | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 near | punct |
| 9 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 Roland | case |
| 12 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 many | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 many | punct |
| 15 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 16 men | det |
| 16 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 many | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 many | cop |
| 18 | too | too | ADV | _ | 19 many | advmod |
| 19 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 said | ccomp |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 us | case |
| 21 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 many | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 many | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 many | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the two armies | now | near property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Oliver | Roland | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to roland=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | this men | for us; many property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/8/41/