Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 185
As he left, a voice from heaven was heard to say “This city will soon be swallowed because of its king’s wickedness.
Who acts: Chota, voice · What happens: leave, hear, say, swallow · To what, where: voice, city · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chota, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 left | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 left | nsubj |
| 3 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 heard | advcl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 left | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 voice | det |
| 6 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 heaven | case |
| 8 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 voice | nmod |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 heard | aux:pass |
| 10 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 say | mark |
| 12 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 heard | xcomp |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 swallowed | punct |
| 14 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 city | det |
| 15 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 swallowed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 swallowed | aux |
| 17 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 swallowed | advmod |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 swallowed | aux:pass |
| 19 | swallowed | swallow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 say | ccomp |
| 20 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 25 wickedness | case |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 because | fixed |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 king | nmod:poss |
| 23 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 wickedness | nmod:poss |
| 24 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 23 king | case |
| 25 | wickedness | wickedness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 swallowed | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past | Chota | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | hear | past · passive | a voice from heaven | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | a voice from heaven not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | swallow in a quote | future · passive | this city | because city's king's wickedness; soon property | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/185/