Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 89
Shah Makai as a true and devout believer, had but little difficulty in performing this feat and the next time that Nigar rode abroad, she saw to her surprise and pleasure Shah Makai astride of a maned lion, hardly less majestic than her own.
Who acts: Shah, little difficulty, Nigar, Straightway · What happens: have, perform, ride, see, surprise · To what, where: little difficulty, feat, next time
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shah, little difficulty, Nigar, Straightway), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shah | Shah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 had | nsubj |
| 2 | Makai | Makai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Shah | flat |
| 3 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 believer | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 believer | det |
| 5 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 believer | amod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 devout | cc |
| 7 | devout | devout | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 true | conj |
| 8 | believer | believer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Shah | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Shah | punct |
| 10 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 difficulty | cc |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 difficulty | amod |
| 13 | difficulty | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 had | obj |
| 14 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 15 performing | mark |
| 15 | performing | perform | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 difficulty | acl |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 feat | det |
| 17 | feat | feat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 performing | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 time | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 time | det |
| 20 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 time | amod |
| 21 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 feat | conj |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 rode | obj |
| 23 | Nigar | Nigar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 rode | nsubj |
| 24 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 time | acl:relcl |
| 25 | abroad | abroad | ADV | _ | 24 rode | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 saw | punct |
| 27 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 saw | nsubj |
| 28 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 had | parataxis |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 surprise | case |
| 30 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 surprise | nmod:poss |
| 31 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 saw | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 pleasure | cc |
| 33 | pleasure | pleasure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 surprise | conj |
| 34 | Shah | Shah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 pleasure | appos |
| 35 | Makai | Makai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Shah | flat |
| 36 | astride | astride | ADP | _ | 40 lion | case |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 lion | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 lion | det |
| 39 | maned | maned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 lion | amod |
| 40 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 saw | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 majestic | punct |
| 42 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 43 less | advmod |
| 43 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 44 majestic | advmod |
| 44 | majestic | majestic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 saw | conj |
| 45 | than | than | ADP | _ | 47 own | case |
| 46 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 own | nmod:poss |
| 47 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 majestic | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Shah as a true believer | little difficulty | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficulty=Patient | ||||
| 2 | perform | gerund | little difficulty not said here | this feat and the next time | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feat=Theme | ||||
| 3 | ride | past | Nigar | the next time | abroad property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | |||
| 4 | see | past | Straightway | to Straightway's surprise and pleasure; astride a maned lion | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | surprise | Straightway | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/89/