Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, The Makli Hill., sentence 21
The first difficulty he overcame by breaking a pod of musk and letting its perfume spread among his guests, at the same time exclaiming with prophetic truth that his baby boy’s fame would diffuse itself through the world like the fragrance of the musk.
Who acts: difficulty, first difficulty, same time, fame, musk · What happens: overcome, break, let, spread, exclaim, diffuse · To what, where: first difficulty, pod, perfume, prophetic truth, world
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, The Makli Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (difficulty, first difficulty, same time, fame), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 difficulty | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 difficulty | amod |
| 3 | difficulty | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spread | nsubj |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 overcame | nsubj |
| 5 | overcame | overcome | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 difficulty | acl:relcl |
| 6 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 breaking | mark |
| 7 | breaking | break | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 overcame | advcl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 pod | det |
| 9 | pod | pod | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 breaking | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 musk | case |
| 11 | musk | musk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pod | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 letting | cc |
| 13 | letting | let | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 breaking | conj |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 perfume | nmod:poss |
| 15 | perfume | perfume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 letting | obj |
| 16 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | among | among | ADP | _ | 19 guests | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 guests | nmod:poss |
| 19 | guests | guest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 spread | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 time | punct |
| 21 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 time | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 time | det |
| 23 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 time | amod |
| 24 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spread | obl |
| 25 | exclaiming | exclaim | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 time | acl |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 truth | case |
| 27 | prophetic | prophetic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 truth | amod |
| 28 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 exclaiming | obl |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 diffuse | obj |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 boy | nmod:poss |
| 31 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 boy | compound |
| 32 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 fame | nmod:poss |
| 33 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 32 boy | case |
| 34 | fame | fame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 diffuse | nsubj |
| 35 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 diffuse | aux |
| 36 | diffuse | diffuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 truth | acl:relcl |
| 37 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 36 diffuse | obj |
| 38 | through | through | ADP | _ | 40 world | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 world | det |
| 40 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 diffuse | obl |
| 41 | like | like | ADP | _ | 43 fragrance | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 fragrance | det |
| 43 | fragrance | fragrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 diffuse | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 musk | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 musk | det |
| 46 | musk | musk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 fragrance | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 spread | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overcome | past | difficulty | the first difficulty not said here | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot difficulty=Theme | ||||
| 2 | break | gerund | difficulty not said here | a pod of musk | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pod=Patient | ||||
| 3 | let | gerund | difficulty not said here | musk's perfume | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perfume=Theme | ||||
| 4 | spread | past | the first difficulty | time | among Humayun's guests | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among guest=Location | |||
| 5 | exclaim speech: express | gerund | the same time not said here | with prophetic truth | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | diffuse | would | Humayun's baby boy's fame | prophetic truth | the world | like the fragrance of the musk | tree rules | ||
| 7 | perfume | musk | nom perfume «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/13/21/