Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Author’s Preface., sentence 19
But little imagination is required to picture the argosies of bygone centuries sailing silently down the river past the green fields of Kushmore: or the old caravans from Kandahar with their strings of stately camels slowly emerging from the foot of the Bolan Pass on their way to Shikarpur: or the buggalas of old Nearchus nestling in the Chinna Creek in the shelter of the Oyster Rocks during the monsoon, patiently awaiting the arrival of the Great Alexander shortly to appear at the Ghizree mouth of the Indus on the conclusion of his triumphal progress through Western Asia!
Who acts: bygone centuries, stately camels, old caravans, Great Alexander, Shikarpur · What happens: require, picture, sail, emerge, rock, await · To what, where: little imagination, argosies, river, foot, arrival, Ghizree mouth
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Author’s Preface.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bygone centuries, stately camels, old caravans, Great Alexander), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 required | cc |
| 2 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 imagination | amod |
| 3 | imagination | imagination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 required | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 required | aux:pass |
| 5 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 picture | mark |
| 7 | picture | picture | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 required | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 argosies | det |
| 9 | argosies | argosy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 picture | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 centuries | case |
| 11 | bygone | bygone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 centuries | amod |
| 12 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 argosies | nmod |
| 13 | sailing | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 centuries | acl |
| 14 | silently | silently | ADV | _ | 13 sailing | advmod |
| 15 | down | down | ADP | _ | 17 river | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 river | det |
| 17 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sailing | obl |
| 18 | past | past | ADP | _ | 21 fields | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 fields | det |
| 20 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 fields | amod |
| 21 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 sailing | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Kushmore | case |
| 23 | Kushmore | Kushmore | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 fields | nmod |
| 24 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 caravans | punct |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 caravans | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 caravans | det |
| 27 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 caravans | amod |
| 28 | caravans | caravan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 69 Rocks | nsubj |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 Kandahar | case |
| 30 | Kandahar | Kandahar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 caravans | nmod |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 strings | case |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 strings | nmod:poss |
| 33 | strings | string | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 caravans | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 camels | case |
| 35 | stately | stately | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 camels | amod |
| 36 | camels | camel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 strings | nmod |
| 37 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 38 emerging | advmod |
| 38 | emerging | emerge | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 camels | acl |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 41 foot | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 foot | det |
| 41 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 emerging | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 Pass | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Pass | det |
| 44 | Bolan | Bolan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Pass | compound |
| 45 | Pass | Pass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 foot | nmod |
| 46 | on | on | ADP | _ | 48 way | case |
| 47 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 way | nmod:poss |
| 48 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 Pass | nmod |
| 49 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 Shikarpur | case |
| 50 | Shikarpur | Shikarpur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 way | nmod |
| 51 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 54 buggalas | punct |
| 52 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 54 buggalas | cc |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 buggalas | det |
| 54 | buggalas | buggala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 69 Rocks | nsubj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 nestling | case |
| 56 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 nestling | amod |
| 57 | Nearchus | Nearchus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 nestling | compound |
| 58 | nestling | nestling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 buggalas | nmod |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 Creek | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 Creek | det |
| 61 | Chinna | Chinna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 Creek | compound |
| 62 | Creek | Creek | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 nestling | nmod |
| 63 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 shelter | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 shelter | det |
| 65 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 buggalas | nmod |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 Oyster | case |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 Oyster | det |
| 68 | Oyster | oyster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 shelter | nmod |
| 69 | Rocks | rock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 required | parataxis |
| 70 | during | during | ADP | _ | 72 monsoon | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 monsoon | det |
| 72 | monsoon | monsoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 Rocks | obl |
| 73 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 awaiting | punct |
| 74 | patiently | patiently | ADV | _ | 75 awaiting | advmod |
| 75 | awaiting | await | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 69 Rocks | advcl |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 arrival | det |
| 77 | arrival | arrival | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 awaiting | obj |
| 78 | of | of | ADP | _ | 81 Alexander | case |
| 79 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 Alexander | det |
| 80 | Great | Great | PROPN | Number=Sing | 81 Alexander | flat |
| 81 | Alexander | Alexander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 77 arrival | nmod |
| 82 | shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 75 awaiting | advmod |
| 83 | to | to | PART | _ | 84 appear | mark |
| 84 | appear | appear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 75 awaiting | advcl |
| 85 | at | at | ADP | _ | 88 mouth | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 88 mouth | det |
| 87 | Ghizree | Ghizree | PROPN | Number=Sing | 88 mouth | compound |
| 88 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 appear | obl |
| 89 | of | of | ADP | _ | 91 Indus | case |
| 90 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 91 Indus | det |
| 91 | Indus | Indus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 88 mouth | nmod |
| 92 | on | on | ADP | _ | 94 conclusion | case |
| 93 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 94 conclusion | det |
| 94 | conclusion | conclusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 appear | obl |
| 95 | of | of | ADP | _ | 98 progress | case |
| 96 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 98 progress | nmod:poss |
| 97 | triumphal | triumphal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 98 progress | amod |
| 98 | progress | progress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 94 conclusion | nmod |
| 99 | through | through | ADP | _ | 101 Asia | case |
| 100 | Western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 101 Asia | amod |
| 101 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 84 appear | obl |
| 102 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 required | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | require | present · passive | little imagination | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | picture | to-infinitive | the argosies of bygone centuries | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent argosy=Theme | |||||
| 3 | sail | gerund | bygone centuries not said here | the river | past the green fields of Kushmore; silently property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent down river=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | emerge | gerund | stately camels not said here | the foot of the Bolan Pass on caravans's way to Shikarpur | slowly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from foot=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | rock | present | the old caravans from Kandahar with caravans's strings of stately camels | during the monsoon | the buggalas of old Nearchus nestling in the Chinna Creek in the shelter of the Oyster nsubj | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 6 | await | gerund | the old caravans from Kandahar with caravans's strings of stately camels not said here | the arrival of the Great Alexander | patiently, shortly property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | appear | to-infinitive | the old caravans from Kandahar with caravans's strings of stately camels not said here | the Ghizree mouth of the Indus | on the conclusion of Shikarpur's triumphal progress; through Western Asia | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at mouth=Location | |||
| 8 | arrive | the Great Alexander | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 9 | conclude | Shikarpur's triumphal progress | nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 10 | progress | Shikarpur | nom progress «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/19/