Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Author’s Preface., sentence 39
And so the conclusion has been arrived at that the peoples of Sind and the Punjab were living in “well-built cities in a relatively mature civilisation with a high standard of art and craftsmanship and a developed system of writing 5,000 years ago.”
Who acts: peoples · What happens: arrive, live, build, develop · To what, where: conclusion, that, built cities
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Author’s Preface.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 arrived | cc |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 7 arrived | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 conclusion | det |
| 4 | conclusion | conclusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 arrived | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 arrived | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 arrived | aux:pass |
| 7 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 that | case |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 arrived | obl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 peoples | det |
| 11 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 living | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Sind | case |
| 13 | Sind | Sind | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 peoples | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Punjab | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Punjab | det |
| 16 | Punjab | Punjab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Sind | conj |
| 17 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 living | aux |
| 18 | living | live | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 arrived | conj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 cities | case |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 cities | punct |
| 21 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 23 built | advmod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 well | punct |
| 23 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 cities | amod |
| 24 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 living | obl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 civilisation | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 civilisation | det |
| 27 | relatively | relatively | ADV | _ | 28 mature | advmod |
| 28 | mature | mature | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 civilisation | amod |
| 29 | civilisation | civilisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cities | nmod |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 standard | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 standard | det |
| 32 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 standard | amod |
| 33 | standard | standard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 living | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 art | case |
| 35 | art | art | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 standard | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 craftsmanship | cc |
| 37 | craftsmanship | craftsmanship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 standard | conj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 system | cc |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 system | det |
| 40 | developed | develop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 system | amod |
| 41 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 standard | conj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 writing | case |
| 43 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 system | nmod |
| 44 | 5,000 | 5000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 45 years | nummod |
| 45 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 46 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 18 living | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 living | punct |
| 48 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 arrived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrive | present · perfect · passive | the conclusion | that | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | past · progressive | the peoples of Sind and the Punjab | built cities in a mature civilisation | with a high standard of art and craftsmanship and a developed system of writing; ago property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location | |||
| 3 | build in a quote | participle | well property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | develop in a quote | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/39/