Legends of the conquest of Spain, Opening, sentence 11
The gloom and melancholy that had overshadowed the land, had given birth to a thousand superstitious fancies; the woes and terrors of the past were clothed with supernatural miracles and portents, and the actors in the fearful drama had already assumed the dubious characteristics of romance.
Who acts: melancholy · What happens: overshadow, give, clothe, assume · To what, where: land, gloom, woes, actors
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (melancholy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 gloom | det |
| 2 | gloom | gloom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 given | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 melancholy | cc |
| 4 | melancholy | melancholy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 gloom | conj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 overshadowed | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 overshadowed | aux |
| 7 | overshadowed | overshadow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 melancholy | acl:relcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 land | det |
| 9 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 overshadowed | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 gloom | punct |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 given | aux |
| 12 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 given | obj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 fancies | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 thousand | det |
| 16 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 fancies | nummod |
| 17 | superstitious | superstitious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 fancies | amod |
| 18 | fancies | fancy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 given | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 clothed | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 woes | det |
| 21 | woes | woe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 clothed | nsubj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 terrors | cc |
| 23 | terrors | terror | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 woes | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 past | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 past | det |
| 26 | past | past | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 terrors | nmod |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 clothed | aux:pass |
| 28 | clothed | clothe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 given | parataxis |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 miracles | case |
| 30 | supernatural | supernatural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 miracles | amod |
| 31 | miracles | miracle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 clothed | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 portents | cc |
| 33 | portents | portent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 miracles | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 assumed | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 assumed | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 actors | det |
| 37 | actors | actor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 assumed | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 drama | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 drama | det |
| 40 | fearful | fearful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 drama | amod |
| 41 | drama | drama | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 actors | nmod |
| 42 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 assumed | aux |
| 43 | already | already | ADV | _ | 44 assumed | advmod |
| 44 | assumed | assume | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 clothed | conj |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 characteristics | det |
| 46 | dubious | dubious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 characteristics | amod |
| 47 | characteristics | characteristic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 assumed | obj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 romance | case |
| 49 | romance | romance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 characteristics | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overshadow | past · perfect | melancholy | the land | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent land=Patient | ||||
| 2 | give | past · perfect · passive | the gloom and melancholy | to thousand superstitious fancies; birth obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient birth=Theme | ||||
| 3 | clothe | past · passive | the woes and terrors of the past | with supernatural miracles and portents | vn dress-41.1.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | assume | past · perfect · passive | the actors in the fearful drama | the dubious characteristics of romance obj | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme characteristic=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/11/