Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 17
The heart of Muza leaped with joy at these words, for he was a bold and ambitious conqueror, and, having overrun all western Africa, had often cast a wistful eye to the mountains of Spain, as he beheld them brightening beyond the waters of the strait.
Who acts: land, heart · What happens: leap, be, have, cast, behold, brighten · To what, where: heart, words
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 heart | det |
| 2 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cast | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Muza | case |
| 4 | Muza | Muza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 heart | nmod |
| 5 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 heart | acl |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 joy | case |
| 7 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 leaped | obl |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 words | case |
| 9 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 words | det |
| 10 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 leaped | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 conqueror | punct |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 conqueror | case |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 conqueror | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 conqueror | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 conqueror | det |
| 16 | bold | bold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 conqueror | amod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 ambitious | cc |
| 18 | ambitious | ambitious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 bold | conj |
| 19 | conqueror | conqueror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heart | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 having | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 having | cc |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 having | punct |
| 23 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 heart | acl |
| 24 | overrun | overrun | ADP | _ | 27 Africa | case |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 Africa | det |
| 26 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 Africa | amod |
| 27 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 having | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 heart | punct |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 cast | aux |
| 30 | often | often | ADV | _ | 31 cast | advmod |
| 31 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 eye | det |
| 33 | wistful | wistful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 eye | amod |
| 34 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cast | obj |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 mountains | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 mountains | det |
| 37 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 cast | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 Spain | case |
| 39 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 mountains | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 beheld | punct |
| 41 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 43 beheld | mark |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 beheld | nsubj |
| 43 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 cast | conj |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 beheld | obj |
| 45 | brightening | brighten | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 43 beheld | advcl |
| 46 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 48 waters | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 waters | det |
| 48 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 brightening | obl |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 strait | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 strait | det |
| 51 | strait | strait | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 waters | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 31 cast | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leap | participle | the heart of Muza and a bold conqueror not said here | this words | with joy | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at word=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | is | past | land | for a bold conqueror | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | gerund | the heart of Muza and a bold conqueror not said here | overrun all western Africa | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | cast | past · perfect · passive | the heart of Muza and a bold conqueror | to the mountains of Spain; a wistful eye obj; often property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP PP»: subject=Beneficiary eye=Product | ||||
| 5 | behold | past | land | heart | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | brighten | gerund | land not said here | beyond the waters of the strait | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/10/17/