Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 19
Having drawn from Count Julian the particulars of his plan, and of the means he possessed to carry it into effect, he laid them before his confidential counsellors and officers, and demanded their opinion.
Who acts: the, land, officers · What happens: have, draw, mean, possess, carry, lay · To what, where: plan, effect, particulars, confidential counsellors, opinion · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (the, land, officers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 means | csubj |
| 2 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Having | xcomp |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 Julian | case |
| 4 | Count | Count | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Julian | compound |
| 5 | Julian | Julian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 drawn | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 particulars | det |
| 7 | particulars | particular | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 Julian | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 plan | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 plan | nmod:poss |
| 10 | plan | plan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 particulars | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 means | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 means | cc |
| 13 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 15 means | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 means | nsubj |
| 15 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 possessed | nsubj |
| 17 | possessed | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 means | ccomp |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 carry | mark |
| 19 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 possessed | xcomp |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 carry | obj |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 effect | case |
| 22 | effect | effect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 carry | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 laid | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 laid | nsubj |
| 25 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 possessed | conj |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 laid | obj |
| 27 | before | before | ADP | _ | 30 counsellors | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 counsellors | nmod:poss |
| 29 | confidential | confidential | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 counsellors | amod |
| 30 | counsellors | counsellor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 laid | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 officers | cc |
| 32 | officers | officer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 counsellors | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 demanded | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 demanded | cc |
| 35 | demanded | demand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 possessed | conj |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 opinion | nmod:poss |
| 37 | opinion | opinion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 demanded | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 means | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | draw | participle | from Count Julian the particulars of land's plan | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from julian=Co-Patient | |||||
| 3 | mean | present | the | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | possess | past | land | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | carry | to-infinitive | land not said here | plan | effect | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 6 | lay | past | land | particulars = particular | land's confidential counsellors and officers | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme before counsellor=Destination | |||
| 7 | demand speech: request | past | land not said here | officers's opinion | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme opinion=Precondition | ||||
| 8 | plan | land | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | opine | officers = officer | nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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