Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 23
Among the generals of Muza was a gaunt swarthy veteran, scarred with wounds; a very Arab, whose great delight was roving and desperate enterprise; and who cared for nothing beyond his steed, his lance, and his scimitar.
Who acts: great delight · What happens: be, scar, rove, care · To what, where: gaunt swarthy veteran
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great delight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Among | among | ADP | _ | 3 generals | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 generals | det |
| 3 | generals | general | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 veteran | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Muza | case |
| 5 | Muza | Muza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 generals | nmod |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 veteran | cop |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 veteran | det |
| 8 | gaunt | gaunt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 veteran | amod |
| 9 | swarthy | swarthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 veteran | amod |
| 10 | veteran | veteran | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 scarred | punct |
| 12 | scarred | scar | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 veteran | acl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 wounds | case |
| 14 | wounds | wound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 scarred | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 Arab | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 Arab | det |
| 17 | very | very | ADV | _ | 18 Arab | advmod |
| 18 | Arab | Arab | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 veteran | parataxis |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 roving | punct |
| 20 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 22 delight | nmod:poss |
| 21 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 delight | amod |
| 22 | delight | delight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 roving | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 roving | aux |
| 24 | roving | rove | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 Arab | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 enterprise | cc |
| 26 | desperate | desperate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 enterprise | amod |
| 27 | enterprise | enterprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 roving | conj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 cared | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 cared | cc |
| 30 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 cared | nsubj |
| 31 | cared | care | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 Arab | conj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 nothing | case |
| 33 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 31 cared | obl |
| 34 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 36 steed | case |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 steed | nmod:poss |
| 36 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 nothing | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 lance | punct |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 lance | nmod:poss |
| 39 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 nothing | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 scimitar | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 scimitar | cc |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 scimitar | nmod:poss |
| 43 | scimitar | scimitar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Arab | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 veteran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | a gaunt swarthy veteran | among the generals of Muza | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | scar | participle | a gaunt swarthy veteran not said here | with wounds | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with wound=Theme | ||||
| 3 | rove | past · progressive | great delight | desperate enterprise conj | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | care | past | for nothing beyond delight's steed delight's lance; who nsubj | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for nothing=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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