Legends of the conquest of Spain, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., sentence 2
“A new land,” said he, “spreads itself out before our delighted eyes, and invites our conquest: a land, too, that equals Syria in the fertility of its soil, and the serenity of its sky; Yemen, or Arabia the Happy, in its delightful temperature; India, in its flowers and spices; Hegias, in its fruits and flowers; Cathay, in its precious minerals; and Aden, in the excellence of its ports and harbours!
Who acts: new land, that, spoil · What happens: say, spread out, invite, equal, soil · To what, where: serenity, flowers, spoil, delighted eyes, conquest, Syria · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new land, that, spoil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 land | det |
| 3 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 land | amod |
| 4 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 land | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 land | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 spreads | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 spreads | punct |
| 11 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | ccomp |
| 12 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 11 spreads | obj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 spreads | compound:prt |
| 14 | before | before | ADP | _ | 17 eyes | case |
| 15 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 16 | delighted | delighted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 eyes | amod |
| 17 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spreads | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 invites | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 invites | cc |
| 20 | invites | invite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 spreads | parataxis |
| 21 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 conquest | nmod:poss |
| 22 | conquest | conquest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 invites | obj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 land | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 land | det |
| 25 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 invites | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 land | punct |
| 27 | too | too | ADV | _ | 20 invites | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 equals | punct |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 equals | nsubj |
| 30 | equals | equal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 invites | conj |
| 31 | Syria | Syria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 equals | obj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 fertility | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 fertility | det |
| 34 | fertility | fertility | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 equals | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 soil | case |
| 36 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 soil | nmod:poss |
| 37 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 fertility | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 serenity | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 serenity | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 serenity | det |
| 41 | serenity | serenity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 sky | case |
| 43 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 sky | nmod:poss |
| 44 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 serenity | nmod |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 Yemen | punct |
| 46 | Yemen | Yemen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | ccomp |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 Arabia | punct |
| 48 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 49 Arabia | cc |
| 49 | Arabia | Arabia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Yemen | conj |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Happy | det |
| 51 | Happy | Happy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Arabia | appos |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 temperature | punct |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 temperature | case |
| 54 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 temperature | nmod:poss |
| 55 | delightful | delightful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 temperature | amod |
| 56 | temperature | temperature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 Yemen | conj |
| 57 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 India | punct |
| 58 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 flowers | punct |
| 60 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 flowers | case |
| 61 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 flowers | nmod:poss |
| 62 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 said | obl |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 spices | cc |
| 64 | spices | spice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 flowers | conj |
| 65 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 66 Hegias | punct |
| 66 | Hegias | Hegias | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 flowers | conj |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 fruits | punct |
| 68 | in | in | ADP | _ | 70 fruits | case |
| 69 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 70 fruits | nmod:poss |
| 70 | fruits | fruit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 Hegias | parataxis |
| 71 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 72 flowers | cc |
| 72 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 fruits | conj |
| 73 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 74 Cathay | punct |
| 74 | Cathay | Cathay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | parataxis |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 minerals | punct |
| 76 | in | in | ADP | _ | 79 minerals | case |
| 77 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 79 minerals | nmod:poss |
| 78 | precious | precious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 minerals | amod |
| 79 | minerals | mineral | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 Cathay | conj |
| 80 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 82 Aden | punct |
| 81 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 82 Aden | cc |
| 82 | Aden | Aden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | parataxis |
| 83 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 86 excellence | punct |
| 84 | in | in | ADP | _ | 86 excellence | case |
| 85 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 86 excellence | det |
| 86 | excellence | excellence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 Aden | appos |
| 87 | of | of | ADP | _ | 89 ports | case |
| 88 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 89 ports | nmod:poss |
| 89 | ports | port | NOUN | Number=Plur | 86 excellence | nmod |
| 90 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 91 harbours | cc |
| 91 | harbours | harbour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 89 ports | conj |
| 92 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: express | past | a new land | the serenity of spoil's sky | spoil's flowers and spices and Hegias in spoil's fruits and flowers | India obl; land nsubj; Yemen or Arabia and spoil's delightful temperature ccomp; Cathay and spoil's precious minerals parataxis; Aden parataxis | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||
| 2 | spread out in a quote | present | spoil | our delighted eyes | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent itself=Theme before eye=Destination | ||||
| 3 | invite in a quote | present | our conquest | a land obl | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conquest=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | equal in a quote | present | that | Syria | the fertility of spoil's soil | tree rules | |||
| 5 | soil in a quote | spoil | nom soil «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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