Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 24
Let yon hoary apostate look to himself to-morrow in the battle, for I pledge myself to use my lance upon no other foe until it has shed his blood upon the native soil he has betrayed.”
Who acts: you, yon, I, God · What happens: let, look, pledge, use, shed, betray · To what, where: yon, God, battle, myself, lance, native soil
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, yon, I, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | yon | yon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Let | obj |
| 3 | hoary | hoary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 apostate | amod |
| 4 | apostate | apostate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 yon | conj |
| 5 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Let | xcomp |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 himself | case |
| 7 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 5 look | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 morrow | case |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 to | punct |
| 10 | morrow | morrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 look | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 battle | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 battle | det |
| 13 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 look | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 pledge | punct |
| 15 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 17 pledge | mark |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 pledge | nsubj |
| 17 | pledge | pledge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 look | parataxis |
| 18 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 17 pledge | obj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 use | mark |
| 20 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 pledge | advcl |
| 21 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 lance | nmod:poss |
| 22 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 use | obj |
| 23 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 26 foe | case |
| 24 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 26 foe | det |
| 25 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 foe | amod |
| 26 | foe | foe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 use | obl |
| 27 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 30 shed | mark |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 shed | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 shed | aux |
| 30 | shed | shed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 use | advcl |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 blood | nmod:poss |
| 32 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 shed | obj |
| 33 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 36 soil | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 soil | det |
| 35 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 soil | amod |
| 36 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 shed | obl |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 betrayed | nsubj |
| 38 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 betrayed | aux |
| 39 | betrayed | betray | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 soil | acl:relcl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Let | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let | imperative | you not said here | yon and hoary apostate | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | look | infinitive | yon and hoary apostate not said here | God | the battle | to morrow | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to himself=Theme | ||
| 3 | pledge | present | I | myself | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent myself=Theme | ||||
| 4 | use | to-infinitive | I not said here | my lance | upon no other foe | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lance=Patient | |||
| 5 | shed | present · perfect · passive | lance | upon the native soil; God's blood obj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | betray | present · perfect | God | the native soil not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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