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Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 29

The Arabs, too, from their lofty cliffs beheld the numerous camp-fires of the Christians gradually lighted up, and saw that they were a powerful host; at the same time the night breeze brought to their ears the sullen roar of the sea which separated them from Africa.

Who acts: Arabs, cliffs, night breeze, sullen roar, sea · What happens: behold, light up, see, be, bring, separate · To what, where: numerous camp fires, Christians, powerful host, sullen roar, ears, Arabs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs, cliffs, night breeze, sullen roar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjpunctadvmodpunctcasenmod:possamodnsubjdetamodcompoundpunctobjcasedetconjadvmodaclcompound:prtpunctccconjmarknsubjcopdetamodccomppunctcasedetamodobldetcompoundnsubjconjcasenmod:possobldetamodobjcasedetnmodnsubjacl:relclobjcaseoblpunctrootTheDETArabsPROPN,PUNCTtooADV,PUNCTfromADPtheirPRONloftyADJcliffsNOUNbeheldVERBtheDETnumerousADJcampNOUN-PUNCTfiresNOUNofADPtheDETChristiansPROPNgraduallyADVlightedVERBupADP,PUNCTandCCONJsawVERBthatSCONJtheyPRONwereAUXaDETpowerfulADJhostNOUN;PUNCTatADPtheDETsameADJtimeNOUNtheDETnightNOUNbreezeNOUNbroughtVERBtoADPtheirPRONearsNOUNtheDETsullenADJroarNOUNofADPtheDETseaNOUNwhichPRONseparatedVERBthemPRONfromADPAfricaPROPN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 Arabsdet
2ArabsArabPROPNNumber=Plur10 beheldnsubj
3,,PUNCT_2 Arabspunct
4tootooADV_2 Arabsadvmod
5,,PUNCT_9 cliffspunct
6fromfromADP_9 cliffscase
7theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs9 cliffsnmod:poss
8loftyloftyADJDegree=Pos9 cliffsamod
9cliffscliffNOUNNumber=Plur10 beheldnsubj
10beheldbeholdVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art15 firesdet
12numerousnumerousADJDegree=Pos15 firesamod
13campcampNOUNNumber=Sing15 firescompound
14--PUNCT_13 camppunct
15firesfireNOUNNumber=Plur10 beheldobj
16ofofADP_18 Christianscase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 Christiansdet
18ChristiansChristianPROPNNumber=Plur15 firesconj
19graduallygraduallyADV_20 lightedadvmod
20lightedlightVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass18 Christiansacl
21upupADP_20 lightedcompound:prt
22,,PUNCT_24 sawpunct
23andandCCONJ_24 sawcc
24sawseeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 beheldconj
25thatthatSCONJ_30 hostmark
26theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs30 hostnsubj
27werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin30 hostcop
28aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art30 hostdet
29powerfulpowerfulADJDegree=Pos30 hostamod
30hosthostNOUNNumber=Sing24 sawccomp
31;;PUNCT_39 broughtpunct
32atatADP_35 timecase
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 timedet
34samesameADJDegree=Pos35 timeamod
35timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing39 broughtobl
36thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art38 breezedet
37nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing38 breezecompound
38breezebreezeNOUNNumber=Sing39 broughtnsubj
39broughtbringVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 beheldconj
40totoADP_42 earscase
41theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs42 earsnmod:poss
42earsearNOUNNumber=Plur39 broughtobl
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art45 roardet
44sullensullenADJDegree=Pos45 roaramod
45roarroarNOUNNumber=Sing39 broughtobj
46ofofADP_48 seacase
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art48 seadet
48seaseaNOUNNumber=Sing45 roarnmod
49whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel50 separatednsubj
50separatedseparateVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin45 roaracl:relcl
51themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs50 separatedobj
52fromfromADP_53 Africacase
53AfricaAfricaPROPNNumber=Sing50 separatedobl
54..PUNCT_10 beheldpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1beholdpastthe Arabsthe numerous camp fires and the ChristiansArabs's lofty cliffs nsubjvn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fire=Stimulus
2light upparticiplethe Christians not said heregradually propertyvn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3seepastthe Arabs not said herevn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4is apastcliffs = cliffa powerful hosttree rules
5bringpastthe night breezethe sullen roar of the seaArabs's earstimevn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent roar=Theme to ear=Destination
6separatepastthe sullen roar of the seaArabs = arabfrom Africavn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient from africa=Co-Patient
7roarthe seanom roar «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/29/