Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 30
When they considered their perilous situation, an army on one side, with a whole nation aroused to re-enforce it, and on the other an impassable sea, the spirits of many of the warriors were cast down, and they repented the day when they had ventured into this hostile land.
Who acts: Arabs · What happens: consider, arouse, re-enforce, cast down, repent, venture · To what, where: perilous situation, one side, whole nation, nation, spirits, other impassable sea
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 considered | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 considered | nsubj |
| 3 | considered | consider | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 situation | nmod:poss |
| 5 | perilous | perilous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 situation | amod |
| 6 | situation | situation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 considered | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 army | punct |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 army | det |
| 9 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 situation | conj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 side | case |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 side | nummod |
| 12 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 considered | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 nation | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 nation | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 nation | det |
| 16 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 nation | amod |
| 17 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 considered | obl |
| 18 | aroused | arouse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 nation | acl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 re-enforce | mark |
| 20 | re-enforce | re-enforce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 aroused | xcomp |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 re-enforce | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 cast | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 cast | cc |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 sea | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 sea | det |
| 26 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 sea | amod |
| 27 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 sea | det |
| 28 | impassable | impassable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 sea | amod |
| 29 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 cast | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 sea | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 spirits | det |
| 32 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 cast | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 39 cast | mark |
| 34 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 cast | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 warriors | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 warriors | det |
| 37 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 many | nmod |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 cast | aux:pass |
| 39 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 considered | conj |
| 40 | down | down | ADP | _ | 39 cast | compound:prt |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 repented | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 repented | cc |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 repented | nsubj |
| 44 | repented | repent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 considered | conj |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 day | det |
| 46 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 repented | obl:unmarked |
| 47 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 50 ventured | advmod |
| 48 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 ventured | nsubj |
| 49 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 ventured | aux |
| 50 | ventured | venture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 repented | advcl |
| 51 | into | into | ADP | _ | 54 land | case |
| 52 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 54 land | det |
| 53 | hostile | hostile | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 land | amod |
| 54 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 ventured | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 considered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | consider | past | Arabs = arab | Arabs's perilous situation and a army | one side | with a whole nation | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent situation=Attribute | ||
| 2 | arouse | participle | a whole nation not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | re-enforce | to-infinitive | nation | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | cast down | past · passive | the spirits | the other impassable sea | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme on sea=Destination | ||||
| 5 | repent | past | Arabs = arab | day | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | venture | past · perfect | Arabs = arab | this hostile land | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/30/