Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 3
But, though sunk from his former hardihood and virtue, though enervated by indulgence, and degraded in spirit by a consciousness of crime, he was resolute of soul, and roused himself to meet the coming danger.
Who acts: sunk · What happens: enervate, degrade, be, rouse, meet, come · To what, where: spirit, sunk, coming danger
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sunk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 roused | cc |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 sunk | punct |
| 3 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 4 sunk | mark |
| 4 | sunk | sunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 roused | nsubj |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 hardihood | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 hardihood | nmod:poss |
| 7 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 hardihood | amod |
| 8 | hardihood | hardihood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sunk | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 virtue | cc |
| 10 | virtue | virtue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hardihood | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 enervated | punct |
| 12 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 13 enervated | mark |
| 13 | enervated | enervate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 sunk | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 indulgence | case |
| 15 | indulgence | indulgence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 enervated | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 degraded | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 degraded | cc |
| 18 | degraded | degrade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 enervated | parataxis |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 spirit | case |
| 20 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 degraded | obl |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 consciousness | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 consciousness | det |
| 23 | consciousness | consciousness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 degraded | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 crime | case |
| 25 | crime | crime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 consciousness | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 resolute | punct |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 resolute | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 resolute | cop |
| 29 | resolute | resolute | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 degraded | conj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 soul | case |
| 31 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 resolute | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 roused | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 roused | cc |
| 34 | roused | rouse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 35 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 34 roused | obj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 meet | mark |
| 37 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 roused | advcl |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 danger | det |
| 39 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 danger | amod |
| 40 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 meet | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 roused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enervate | participle | sunk from sunk's former hardihood and virtue not said here | by indulgence | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | degrade | participle | spirit | by a consciousness of crime | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is | past | sunk | of soul; resolute property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | rouse | past | sunk from sunk's former hardihood and virtue | sunk | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient | ||||
| 5 | meet | to-infinitive | sunk from sunk's former hardihood and virtue not said here | the coming danger | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent danger=Co-Agent | ||||
| 6 | come | gerund | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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