Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 20
The cavaliers succeeded, however, in breaking into the midst of the battalion and throwing it into confusion, cutting down some with their swords, transpiercing others with their spears, and trampling many under the hoofs of their horses.
Who acts: cavaliers · What happens: succeed, break, throw, cut down, transpierc · To what, where: midst, confusion, some, others
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cavaliers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cavaliers | det |
| 2 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 succeeded | nsubj |
| 3 | succeeded | succeed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 however | punct |
| 5 | however | however | ADV | _ | 3 succeeded | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 breaking | punct |
| 7 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 8 breaking | mark |
| 8 | breaking | break | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 succeeded | advcl |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 midst | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 midst | det |
| 11 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 breaking | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 battalion | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 battalion | det |
| 14 | battalion | battalion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 midst | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 throwing | cc |
| 16 | throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 breaking | conj |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 throwing | obj |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 19 confusion | case |
| 19 | confusion | confusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 throwing | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 cutting | punct |
| 21 | cutting | cut | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 breaking | advcl |
| 22 | down | down | ADP | _ | 21 cutting | compound:prt |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 cutting | obj |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 swords | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 swords | nmod:poss |
| 26 | swords | sword | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 cutting | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 transpiercing | punct |
| 28 | transpiercing | transpierc | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 cutting | conj |
| 29 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 transpiercing | obj |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 spears | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 spears | nmod:poss |
| 32 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 transpiercing | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 trampling | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 trampling | cc |
| 35 | trampling | trampling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 succeeded | parataxis |
| 36 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 trampling | amod |
| 37 | under | under | ADP | _ | 39 hoofs | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 hoofs | det |
| 39 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 many | nmod |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 horses | case |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 horses | nmod:poss |
| 42 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 hoofs | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 succeeded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | succeed | past | the cavaliers | trampling parataxis; however property | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | break | gerund | the cavaliers not said here | into the midst of the battalion result | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into midst=Result | ||||
| 3 | throw | gerund | the cavaliers not said here | midst | into confusion result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer it=Theme into confusion=Result | |||
| 4 | cut down | gerund | the cavaliers not said here | some | with cavaliers's swords | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient with sword=Instrument | |||
| 5 | transpierc | gerund | the cavaliers not said here | others | with cavaliers's spears | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/20/