Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 19
The Arabs stood the shock manfully, receiving the horses upon the points of their lances; many of the riders were shot down with bolts from cross-bows, or stabbed with the poniards of the Moslems.
Who acts: Arabs · What happens: stand, receive, shoot down, stab, point · To what, where: shock, horses, points, many, lances
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Arabs | det |
| 2 | Arabs | Arab | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 shock | det |
| 5 | shock | shock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stood | obj |
| 6 | manfully | manfully | ADV | _ | 3 stood | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 receiving | punct |
| 8 | receiving | receive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 stood | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 horses | det |
| 10 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 receiving | obj |
| 11 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 13 points | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 points | det |
| 13 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 receiving | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 lances | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 lances | nmod:poss |
| 16 | lances | lance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 points | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 shot | punct |
| 18 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 shot | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 riders | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 riders | det |
| 21 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 many | nmod |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 shot | aux:pass |
| 23 | shot | shoot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 stood | parataxis |
| 24 | down | down | ADP | _ | 23 shot | compound:prt |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 bolts | case |
| 26 | bolts | bolt | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 shot | obl |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 cross-bows | case |
| 28 | cross-bows | cross-bow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 bolts | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 stabbed | punct |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 stabbed | cc |
| 31 | stabbed | stab | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 shot | conj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 poniards | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 poniards | det |
| 34 | poniards | poniard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 stabbed | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 Moslems | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Moslems | det |
| 37 | Moslems | Moslem | PROPN | Number=Plur | 34 poniards | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | the Arabs | the shock | manfully property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shock=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | receive | gerund | the Arabs not said here | the horses | the points of Arabs's lances | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme upon point=Location | |||
| 3 | shoot down | past · passive | many of the riders | with bolts from cross-bows | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with bolt=Instrument | ||||
| 4 | stab | participle | with the poniards of the Moslems | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with poniard=Instrument | |||||
| 5 | point | Arabs's lances | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/19/