Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 28
When he beheld Theodomir rushing upon him, he would have turned and fled; pride alone withheld him; and, though an admirable master of defence, he lost all skill to ward the attack of his adversary.
Who acts: guilt, pride, admirable master · What happens: behold, rush, turn, flee, withhold, lose · To what, where: Theodomir, guilt, skill, attack, adversary
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (guilt, pride, admirable master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 beheld | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 beheld | nsubj |
| 3 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 turned | advcl |
| 4 | Theodomir | Theodomir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 beheld | obj |
| 5 | rushing | rush | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 beheld | advcl |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 rushing | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 beheld | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 turned | nsubj |
| 10 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 turned | aux |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 turned | aux |
| 12 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 fled | cc |
| 14 | fled | flee | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 turned | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 withheld | punct |
| 16 | pride | pride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 withheld | nsubj |
| 17 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 16 pride | advmod |
| 18 | withheld | withhold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 turned | conj |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 withheld | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 lost | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 lost | cc |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 lost | punct |
| 23 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 31 lost | mark |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 master | det |
| 25 | admirable | admirable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 master | amod |
| 26 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lost | nsubj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 defence | case |
| 28 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 master | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 master | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 lost | nsubj |
| 31 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 turned | conj |
| 32 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 skill | det |
| 33 | skill | skill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lost | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 ward | mark |
| 35 | ward | ward | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 lost | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 attack | det |
| 37 | attack | attack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 ward | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 adversary | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 adversary | nmod:poss |
| 40 | adversary | adversary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 attack | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | behold | past | guilt | Theodomir | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer theodomir=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | rush | gerund | guilt not said here | upon Theodomir | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | turn | would · perfect | guilt | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | flee | participle | guilt not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | withhold | past | pride | guilt | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lose | past | a admirable master of defence | all skill | guilt nsubj | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | ward | to-infinitive | a admirable master of defence not said here | the attack of Theodomir's adversary | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | attack | Theodomir's adversary | nom attack «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/28/